Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) such as carpal tunnel can create serious health problems for employees who work all day on a computer. Risk factors include repetition (the daily, lengthy use of a keyboard and mouse or trackpad) and awkward postures (extending arms to type, hunching shoulders, and/or sitting for long periods). A properly designed and arranged computer workstation can go a long way toward preventing MSD.
To help evaluate the safety and comfort of your workstations, OSHA has developed this checklist:
If your business provides or supports computer equipment, consider reviewing Computer Disk/Drum Drives & Components Insurance as part of a broader risk review.
Working Postures. Are your workstations designed or arranged so that they allow the user's:
- head and neck to be upright, or in-line with the torso
- head, neck, and trunk to face forward
- trunk to be perpendicular to the floor (may lean back into backrest, but not forward)
- shoulders and upper arms to be in line with the torso, about perpendicular to the floor and relaxed
- upper arms and elbows to be close to the body
- forearms, wrists, and hands to be straight and in line (forearm at about 90° to the upper arm)
- wrists and hands to be straight
- thighs to be parallel to the floor and lower legs perpendicular to the floor (thighs may be slightly elevated above knees)
- feet to rest flat on the floor or be supported by a stable footrest
Seating. Is the chair designed so that the:
- backrest provides support for the lower back (lumbar area)
- seat width and depth accommodate the specific user
- seat front does not press against the back of knees and lower legs
- seat has cushioning and is rounded with a "waterfall" front
- armrests support both forearms and do not interfere with movement
Organizations that sell or install complete computer solutions may also find it useful to review Computer Systems Turnkey Vendor Insurance for vendor-related exposures.
Keyboard/Input Device. Is the keyboard/input device designed or arranged so that:
- the device platform is stable and large enough to hold a keyboard and an input device
- the input device (mouse or trackball) is next to the keyboard so it can be operated without reaching
- the input device is easy to activate and the shape/size fits the hand
- wrists and hands do not rest on sharp or hard edges
Monitor. Is the monitor designed or arranged so that:
- the top of the screen is at or below eye level so users can read it without bending the head or neck
- users with bifocals/trifocals can read the screen without bending the head or neck backward
- the monitor distance allows the user to read the screen without leaning the head, neck, or trunk forward or backward
- the monitor is directly in front of the user, so they don't have to twist their head or neck
- the screen does not reflect glare from windows or lights, which can cause the user to assume an awkward posture to see the screen clearly
Frequently Asked Questions
What are common signs of an MSD from computer work?
Common signs include numbness or tingling in the hands, persistent wrist or forearm pain, neck or shoulder aches, and reduced grip strength.
How often should workstations be adjusted?
Workstations should be adjusted whenever a user starts a new role or reports discomfort, and users should make small adjustments daily to vary posture.
When should an employer seek professional ergonomics help?
An employer should consult an ergonomics specialist or occupational health professional when multiple employees report symptoms, when simple adjustments don't help, or for high-risk job tasks.