Seamen who suffer an injury on the job are protected by the Jones Act. Also called the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, these laws include several provisions that support safe working conditions for employees in the maritime industry.
For insurance-focused information related to these protections, see Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act of 1920) — Insurance Overview.
Who does the Jones Act protect?
The Act gives seamen the right to work in a safe environment and to file a civil suit or maritime injury claim if they are injured on the job. Coverage applies to seamen who work aboard or support the function of a maritime vessel on navigable waters.
To qualify as a seaman under the law, a worker generally must spend a substantial portion of their work time on the vessel—often described as roughly 30 percent of their workday—so shore-based maritime employees are usually not covered in the same way.
Why is the Jones Act important?
The Jones Act promotes vessel safety by requiring vessels and employers to follow applicable U.S. maritime standards and by holding employers responsible for employee safety. It also helps ensure private vessels supporting national operations meet safety and readiness expectations.
The protections affect thousands of vessels and the seamen who work on them, helping preserve both safety and economic productivity for maritime operations. For coverage related to small commercial vessels, consider resources such as Commercial Fishing Boats Insurance.
Potential Jones Act claims
Every Jones Act claim is evaluated on its own facts, and damages depend on the injury and its consequences. Seamen may seek compensation for several types of losses when they file a claim.
Lost wages
Payment can cover present lost wages, a portion of future earnings, and losses related to vacation time, pensions, 401(k) contributions and other benefits.
Medical costs
Claims may include payment for present and future medical expenses related to the accident or injury.
Typical medical expenses
- Medically necessary equipment
- Mental health care
- Occupational or physical therapy
- Rehabilitation
- Surgery
- Transportation to treatment
Punitive damages
In some cases where an employer’s negligence or an unseaworthy vessel caused the injury, a seaman may recover damages related to medical costs, lost wages, and pain and suffering.
Wrongful death
If a seaman dies while on duty, dependents may pursue compensation for funeral expenses, lost income, and other special needs.
Pain and suffering
Seamen can also seek compensation for physical and mental pain resulting from workplace injuries.
How to file a Jones Act claim
If a qualified seaman is injured on the job, they should report the injury to the captain or supervisor and ensure an official maritime accident report is completed. Prompt reporting preserves evidence and helps with any later claim.
Many employers and statutes require injuries to be reported quickly, so it is important to follow workplace reporting rules and seek medical attention as needed. If you have questions about filing a claim or coverage, talk to an agent.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who qualifies as a "seaman" under the Jones Act?
A seaman typically spends a substantial portion of their working time aboard a vessel in navigation or in support of its mission; shore-based workers are generally not covered in the same way.
What types of damages can a seaman recover?
Damages commonly include lost wages, medical expenses, pain and suffering, and in some cases compensation for wrongful death or punitive damages where negligence is proven.
How soon should an injury be reported?
An injury should be reported to the captain or supervisor and recorded in an official accident report as soon as possible to preserve evidence and comply with employer policies.
Can a seaman sue an employer for negligence?
Yes; under the Jones Act a seaman may file a civil suit against an employer for negligence that causes injury, subject to applicable laws and procedures.