To most workers, a simple hand tool wouldn't be considered a huge safety risk. However, hand tools that are used, transported, or kept in poor working order can be a danger to workers and bystanders.
One of the most often seen dangers is when a tool is being used at an overhead level and becomes a falling object. On construction sites, falling objects are a leading cause of injury, and about 10% of disabling work-related injuries result from objects that fall or are dropped.
When working from ladders, balconies, platforms, tanks, roofs, equipment, or other areas above a normal working level, workers should ensure that all tools, materials, and equipment are positioned to prevent them from rolling, slipping, or dropping to the ground.
This is especially important when tools are placed on curved or sloping surfaces, since vibration or movement during work can shift their position. Workers carrying tools to overhead work levels should use a bucket or other sturdy container for transport.
A hand line may be used to hoist the bucket or tools up, and workers should make sure no one stands underneath items while they are being hoisted. For additional guidance on working safely at height, see Scaffolding Safety in Construction.
Below are general safety practices to follow when using and transporting hand tools. For broader workplace guidance, see Workplace Safety and Injury Prevention.
Hand tool safety guidelines
- Keep all tools in good working order - clean, functional, oiled, and sharpened.
- Never use any tool for anything other than what the tool was intended.
- Capacity means capacity; never use cheaters or otherwise force a tool to function beyond its specified capacity.
- Keep chisels, punches, star drills, and any other tools subject to impact properly sharpened to prevent a fragment breaking off and becoming a dangerous flying object.
- Keep cutting tools sharpened and use proper handles.
- Avoid using dull, rounded, chipped, or tapered drill bits.
- When using a screwdriver, don't use your hand to hold undersized work. Use a vise for security whenever it's possible.
- Never transport any pointed tool, such as a screwdriver, chisel, or drill bit, in clothing pockets. A tool belt should be used to carry such tools.
- Only use the size and weight hammer required for the job. Always ensure that the hammer's head is ground, the handle isn't loose, and claws aren't broken before it's used.
- Only use the size and type of screwdriver the job requires. Never use a screwdriver with a badly worn head or damaged handle.
- Only use the size wrench that the job requires. Wrenches with worn jaws or teeth shouldn't be used. Adjustable wrenches should be tested to ensure they adjust and work freely.
Frequently Asked Questions
How should tools be secured when working overhead?
Use a bucket or sturdy container to transport tools, hoist with a hand line if needed, and never stand under tools while they are being raised.
What maintenance prevents hand-tool failures?
Keep tools clean, oiled, sharpened, and inspect handles and heads for looseness or damage before use.
Are personal pockets safe for carrying pointed tools?
No; pointed tools should be carried in a tool belt or other proper carrier to avoid injuries from accidental contact.