Individuals have more access to health information than they've ever had. A simple Google search on a specific health topic can yield advice from hundreds of different sources. Although access has improved with the internet, the resulting concern is often the quality and reliability of the information and contributors.
One recent survey found that 60% of adults have looked up health information online at least once. A review of multiple studies concluded that consumer-directed online health information is often biased, inaccurate, or otherwise flawed.
So why do so many health websites publish misleading or inaccurate information?
Some sites have a hidden agenda. Drug companies sometimes finance campaigns to raise awareness of conditions in ways that create demand for new drugs — a tactic called disease mongering. For example, researchers have noted that restless leg syndrome gained attention as a diagnosable condition after a drug was developed to treat it. Studies have also found that some health advocacy groups accepting pharmaceutical funding do not always disclose those relationships to consumers.
Other sites may ignore scientific evidence that contradicts the views they promote. Despite extensive research finding no link between childhood vaccines and autism, some sites continue to suggest a connection and alarm parents. Similarly, although scientific consensus treats Morgellons as a form of delusional parasitosis rather than a parasitic infection, some websites still claim an infectious cause.
The solution. It is not practical or affordable to see a doctor for every health question, so the goal is not to stop using the internet but to use it selectively and critically.
Tips for evaluating online health information
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Before trusting a health-related website's information, ask these questions:
- Is the information current?
- Where did the information come from?
- Who is contributing and controlling the website's content?
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Prefer websites that are certified by reputable quality organizations or backed by recognized medical groups. Look for clear authorship, cited scientific evidence, disclosure of conflicts of interest, and regular updates. Trusted consumer resources include government health portals and nonprofit medical associations such as FamilyDoctor.org.
The internet can help you become more informed and better prepared for conversations with your clinician, such as whether you should be screened for a particular condition based on symptoms or medical history. However, do not use online information to self-diagnose or self-treat; always confirm important health decisions with a qualified health professional.
For guidance on protecting personal and health information online, see Protecting Sensitive Information in the Digital Age.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I tell if a health website is trustworthy?
Check whether the site cites sources, shows author credentials, states when content was last updated, and discloses funding or conflicts of interest.
Are social media posts or blogs reliable for medical advice?
Social posts and blogs may offer personal experiences but are not reliable for medical guidance; verify claims with reputable sources or a clinician.
Can I use online information to self-diagnose?
Online information can inform your questions, but you should not self-diagnose or begin treatment without consulting a healthcare professional.